This peer-reviewed article provides useful information on how to replace 17% phenol by lignin in the synthesis of a resol resin.
Phenol replacement with lignin to produce more sustainable phenolic foam
The resol resin is formulated with other additives to obtain a phenolic foam. The mechanical and thermal properties of the lignin based phenolic foam comply with the required specifications for its practical utilisation.
Replacement of 17% phenol with lignin significantly increased the mechanical properties of the final foam. Lignin-based phenolic foam also achieved a more regular distribution of foam cells, improving foam morphology and reducing its friability.
